Patna

Patna is that the capital and largest town of the state of Bihar in Republic of India. It had Associate in Nursing calculable population of one.68 million in 2011, creating it the nineteenth largest town in Republic of India. With over two million folks, its urban agglomeration is that the eighteenth largest in Republic of India. Patna conjointly is the seat of Patna court.

Patna district is one among the cardinal districts of province state in japanese India. Patna, the capital of province state is that the district headquarters. Patna district could be a a part of Patna division. As of 2011 it’s the foremost inhabited district of province (out of 39)

One of the oldest incessantly haunted places within the world. Patna was supported in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha. Ancient Patna, called Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire below the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. Patliputra was home to several astrologists and students together with Aryabhata, Panini, Vātsyāyana, Chanakya and Kālidāsa. Its population throughout the Maurya amount (around three hundred BCE) was regarding four hundred,000. Patna served because the seat of power, political and cultural centre of Indian landmass throughout the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the autumn of Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. it absolutely was revived once more within the seventeenth century by British as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of geographic area presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa province.

The modern town of Patna is placed on the southern bank of stream river. town conjointly straddles the rivers sound unit, Gandak and Punpun. town is around 35 kilometres long and 16 to 18 kilometres wide. In Gregorian calendar month 2009, the planet Bank hierarchal Patna second in Asian nation (after Delhi) for simple beginning a business. As of 2015, Patna’s per capita gross domestic product is ₹1,06,000 ($1581). victimization figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is that the twenty first quickest growing town within the world and fifth quickest growing town in Asian nation in step with a study by town Mayors’ Foundation. Patna registered a median annual growth of three.72% throughout 2006–2010. Patna conjointly has lowest slum population of any town in Asian nation.

The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain journey centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Pawapuri area unit close and Patna town is additionally a sacred town for Sikhs because the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here.

History of Patna

Patna assumed importance and grandeur around 490 BCE as Ajatashatru, the king of Magadha, needed to shift his capital from the mountainous Rajagrha (today’s Rajgir) to a strategically settled place to raised combat the Licchavis of Vaishali. He selected the positioning on the bank of the Ganges River and fortified the world. Gautama Siddhartha cosmopolitan through this place within the last year of his life. He prophesied an excellent future for this place when he foreseen its ruin as a result of flood, hearth and feud.

Mauryan empire

Megasthenes, the Indo-Greek student and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one in all the earliest accounts of the town. He wrote that the town was set on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Arennovoas (Sonabhadra — Hiranyawah) and was fourteen kilometres (9 mi) long and a couple of.82 kilometres (1.75 mi) wide. Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to Asian nation, represented town|the town|town} because the greatest city on earth throughout its peak.[34] The Shungas ultimately maintained management of Pataliputra and dominated for nearly one hundred years. The Shungas were then followed by the Kanvas and eventually by the Guptas.

A number of Chinese travellers came to Asian nation in pursuit of information and recorded their observations concerning Pataliputra in their travelogues. One such famed account was recorded by a Chinese Buddhist individual solfa syllable Hien, United Nations agency visited Asian nation between 399 and 414 cerium, and stayed here for several months translating Buddhist texts.

 Gupta empire

In the years that followed, several dynasties dominated the Indian landmass from the town, together with the Gupta phratry and also the Pala kings. With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna undergone unsure times. Bakhtiar Khilji captured province within the twelfth century and destroyed several ancient seats of learning, and Patna lost its status because the political and cultural centre of Asian country.

Guru Gobind Singh (22 Dec 1666 – seven Oct 1708), the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to Guru lamb Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his married woman Mata Gujri. His birthplace, Patna European, is one in all the foremost sacred sites of journeying for Sikhs.

 Mughal period

The Mughal amount was a amount of workaday provincial administration from Old Delhi. the foremost exceptional amount throughout the center Ages was beneath the Pathan emperor Sher Shah of Iran Suri, World Health Organization revived Patna within the middle of the sixteenth century. He engineered a fort and supported a city on the banks of the river. Sher Shah’s fort in Patna doesn’t survive, though the Sher Shah of Iran Suri house of worship, in-built Afghan art form, does. Mughal emperor Akbar reached Patna in 1574 to crush the rebellious Afghan Chief Daud Khan. one in every of the navratnas from Akbar’s court, his official scholarly person and author of “Ain-i-Akbari” Abul Fazl refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He conjointly refers to the prime quality of various strains of rice mature in Patna, illustrious as Patna rice in Europe.By 1620, the town of Patna was being delineated  because the “chefest mercantile establishment towne of all Bengala (i.e. largest city in Bengal) in northern Asian nation, “the largest city in Bengal and also the most illustrious for trade”. This was before the institution of the town of Kolkata. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded to the request of his favorite grandchild, blue blood Muhammad Azim, to rename Patna as Azimabad, in 1704 whereas Azim was in Patna because the subedar. Patna or Azimabad did see some violent activities, in line with Phllip Mason, writing within the book “The Men World Health Organization dominated India”. “Aurangzeb had restored  the poll-tax (Jazia) on unbelievers and this had to be combined for. In Patna, Peacock the Chief of the plant, wasn’t sufficiently obliging and was appropriated, forced to run through the city bare-headed and bare-footed and subjected to several different indignities before he paid up and was discharged.” However, little or no modified throughout this era apart from the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna captive into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, World Health Organization levied an important tax on the world however allowed it to flourish as an ad centre. The mansions of the prince of Tekari rule dominated the Patna watercourse front in 1811–12.

 British empire

During the seventeenth century, Patna became a centre of international trade. In 1620, a people East India Company established a mill in Patna for commercialism in calico and silk. presently it became a commercialism centre for potassium nitrate. Francois Bernier, in Travels within the Mogul empire (1656–1668), says “…a prodigious amount of potassium nitrate was foreign from Patna. it absolutely was carried down the river with nice facility, and also the Dutch and English sent massive cargoes to several components of archipelago, and to Europe”. This trade inspired alternative Europeans, in the main the French, Danes, Dutch and Portuguese, to contend within the remunerative business. Peter Mundy, writing in 1632, delineate Patna as “the greatest sales outlet of the jap region”. when the decisive Battle of Buxar of 1764, as per the pact of Allahabad East India Company was given the correct to gather tax of this former Mughal province by the Mughal emperor. Patna was annexed by the corporate in 1793 to its territory once Nizamat(Mughal suzernaity) was abolished and British East India company took management of the province of Bengal-Bihar. Patna but continued  as a commercialism centre. In 1912, once the Bengal Presidency was partitioned off, Patna became the capital of Brits province of Bihar and province, though in 1935 province became a separate entity with its own capital.

Places visit in Patna

Mahavir Mandir

Mahavir Mandir (Hindi: महावीर मंदिर or हनुमान मंदिर) is one among the holiest Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Hanuman, placed in Patna, Bihar, India. innumerable pilgrims visit the temple once a year and is that the second most visited spiritual shrine in North India[citation needed]. Acharya Kishore Kunal is that the secretary of the Mahavir Mandir Temple Trust, Patna. The Mahavir Mandir Trusts have the second highest budget in North Asian country when the notable Maa Vaishno Hindu deity shrine. The earning of Mahavir Mandir has gone currently up to a mean of ₹1 hundred thousand per day.

 Takht Sri Patna Sahib

Takht Sri Patna European additionally called Harmandar European, may be a Gurdwara within the neighborhood of Patna European, India. it had been to commemorate the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh Malaysian Mujahidin Group, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs on twenty two December 1666. it had been designed by prince Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), the primary prince of the Sikh Empire, WHO additionally designed several alternative Gurdwara’s within the Indian landmass. the present shrine of Patna European or Takht Sri Harmandirji Saheb was in-built the Nineteen Fifties.

Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, was born in Patna, Bihar, in 1666. He additionally spent his early years here before moving to Anandpur. Besides being the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, Patna was additionally honored by visits from religious leader also as Guru Tegh Bahadur.

 Patna Museum

Patna depository is that the state depository of the Indian state of province. Started on three Apr 1917 throughout nation rule to accommodate the historical artefacts found within the neck of the woods of Patna, it’s within the form of Mughal and Hindu design and is thought regionally because the Jadu Ghar. The depository was created by nation to conserve and show the historical artifacts found within the neck of the woods of the capital. The idea of getting a depository arose in 1912, when province and geographical region were separated. Patna depository started functioning in 1915 from the commissioner’s cottage, on the field of A. N. Sinha Institute.

The artifacts were then shifted to new rooms at the Patna court building before being taken to this building in 1929. The land that was hand-picked for the depository, in 1925, was on Patna-Gaya road (now Budh Marg). The two-storeyed building, designed by Rai Bahadur Bishnu Swarup, was completed in 1928. it had been opened because the initial depository of province and state Province by then Governor of province and state, Sir Hugh Lansdown George Stephenson.

 Patna Planetarium

Indira Gandhi Planetarium  is found in Patna’s national leader Science complicated. Planetarium was created through province Council on Science & Technology at a complete price of regarding ₹11 Crores. it had been conceptualized in 1989 by province Chief Minister Shri Satyendra Narain Sinha with construction commencing within the same year,[citation needed] and opened for the general public from one Apr 1993. it’s named when senior Republic of Indian National Congress leader and former Prime Minister of India national leader.

The Patna Planetarium is one in every of the most important planetariums in Asia. It attracts an outsized range of domestic in addition as foreign tourists. The planetarium has regular film shows on subjects associated with uranology. It additionally holds exhibitions, that attracts several guests. The planetarium uses ancient opto-mechanical projection of celluloid film.

 Srikrishna Science Centre

Srlikrishna Science Centre may be a museum in Patna, Bihar, Asian nation that was named once the primary Chief Minister of Bihar, Sri avatar Singh. it absolutely was inaugurated on fourteen April 1978, by the Minister of Education, Shri Thakur Prasad Singh. Srikrishna Science Centre forms a unit of the National Council of Science Museums, associate degree autonomous body beneath the Ministry of Culture, Government of Asian nation. it’s set within the southwestern corner of the Gandhi Maidan. The science centre has been created for the good thing about the general public, particularly students. a replacement innovation hub additionally been created to push essential thinking through activities in science. numerous facilities like 3D printing, broadband web facilities yet as advanced labs area unit offered.

 Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan

Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan  additionally called Sanjay Gandhi botanic and zoo or Patna Zoo) is found off Bailey Road in Patna, Bihar, India. The park was opened to the general public as a installation in 1973. The park is Patna’s most frequented picnic spot, with quite thirty six,000 guests on national holiday Day alone in 2011.

The park was initial established as a arboretum in 1969. The then Governor of state, Sri Nityanand Kanungo, provided nearly thirty four acres (14 ha) of land from the Governor House field for the garden. In 1972, structure adscititious fifty eight.2 acres (23.6 ha) to the present, and therefore the Revenue Department transferred sixty.75 acres (24.58 ha) to the Forest Department to assist expand the park.

Since 1973, this park has been a biological park, combining a arboretum with a installation. The land nonheritable from the general public Works Department and therefore the Revenue Department was declared protected forest by the regime on eight March 1983.

The installation is presently home to over 800 animals of regarding a hundred and ten species, together with tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, Hippopotamus amphibius, crocodile, elephants, range black bear, jackal, black greenbacks, noticed ruminant, peafowl, hill myna, gharial, python, Rhinoceros unicornis, chimpanzee, giraffe, zebra, emu, and white peacock.

Having started as a arboretum, the park presently homes quite three hundred species of trees, herbs and shrubs. Plant exhibits embody a nursery for medicative plants, AN orchidaceous plant house, a nonflowering plant house, a glass house, and a garden.

The park additionally includes AN fish tank that is that the largest revenue generator when the final entrance money. The fish tank has regarding thirty five species of fish, and therefore the snake house has thirty two snakes happiness to five species.

 Golghar

The Golghar or Gol Ghar may be a giant depot placed to the west of the Gandhi Maidan in Patna, capital of state state, India.

According to a recent inscription at its base, the Golghar was supposed to be simply the primary of a series of giant grain stores. In the end, however, no others were ever designed. The depot was “part of a general set up … for the perpetual hindrance of famine in these provinces” ordered in 1784 by Warren Hastings, the then Governor-General of Bharat.

The beehive-shaped structure was designed by Captain John Garstin of the geographical region Engineers, a part of the archipelago Company’s geographical region Army. Construction was completed on twenty Gregorian calendar month 1786. A drive to boost the looks of the structure was begun in 2002.

Gandhi Maidan

Gandhi Maidan, antecedently called the Patna Lawns, could be a historic ground at Patna close to the banks of river, in Bihar, India. The Golghar falls to its west.

Several movements were launched on the Patna Lawns throughout the Indian freedom struggle, the foremost necessary being the Champaran movement and therefore the Quit Republic of India movement of 1942. several distinguished leaders of the Indian Independence Movement, like Mohandas K. Gandhi, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad, national leader, Jaya Prakash Narayan and Sri Krishna Sinha self-addressed their rallies from here. it had been said[who?] that a pacesetter had not arrived till he had self-addressed a rally at the Patna Lawns. The roaring opposition movement to Indira Gandhi was conjointly launched from this historic ground. This ground was thought-about as hotspot for freedom movement rallies and major activists from the Indian freedom struggle particularly Mohandas K. Gandhi, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Patel, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Maulana Azad, national leader and Indira Gandhi have created unforgettable speeches here. Presently, this ground is being utilized for many business functions like personal parties, mass prayers and trade fairs. In the north western corner of the bottom lies the Gandhi Sangrahalaya, that showcases varied photos and records of sage Gandhi’s presence and connections with province. throughout the year 1947, it accustomed be the house of the Education Minister, Dr. Syed Mahmud. These grounds square measure placed close to Ashok Rajpath in Moradpur and square measure two.5 kilometer from central Patna.

The flag-raising ceremony on the Indian legal holiday and Republic Day is control here by the Chief Minister and Governor of province severally. Nowadays, these grounds square measure seeing some business use with the District Administration leasing it out for conducting events like mass prayers, trade fairs and alternative similar development activities. Christening of Patna field to Gandhi Maidan: it had been throughout the province visit of Gandhi at the time of Champaran nonviolence, Bapu self-addressed an enormous meeting at Patna fields and therein meeting for the primary time Indians generally were allowed to go to Patna Lawn with none restrictions, before this meeting entry to Patna Lawns was restricted to Europeans and Elite (Loyalist Indians). Since then this field has been rechristened as Gandhi Maidan.

 Eco Park, Patna

Rajdhani Vatika, higher referred to as Ecological Park or Eco Park, could be a park set at Strand Road in Patna, Bihar. This park was inaugurated in October 2011 by Nitish Kumar, the Chief Minister of province, following Associate in Nursing initiative of the Department of surroundings and Forest, Bihar. the world has one,445 metres of pathway, a children’s corner and one,191 metre cardiopulmonary exercise track. it’s been developed to ease the load of Patna menagerie. The park is cover nine.18 hectares of land, together with 2 lakes.

Around 90,000 to 100,000 individuals return here each month. the common daily visitant numbers square measure between three,000 to 5,000 on traditional days. Sundays and special days attract larger numbers (6,000 to 9,000). The park received a most variety of tourists on one Jan 2014 with forty two,350 guests.

The park is choked with inexperienced areas with over three,000 kinds of plants, and has 2 massive sections. the primary section encompasses a kids corner, food court, and several other fountains. The second half has theme parks like Rashi Van, Guru Vatika, Panchwati and Kewli Van. in addition, the park hosts sculptures just like the succulent by Subodh Gupta among others.

In the second section of Eco Park, there exists a eating place and a lake with boat rides for guests. each the sections in Eco Park square measure interconnected through Associate in Nursing underground tunnel.

Mahatma Gandhi Setu

Mahatma Gandhi Setu (also known as Gandhi Setu or Ganga Setu) may be a bridge over the watercourse river connecting Patna within the south to Hajipur within the north of state.[3] Its length is five,750 metres (18,860 ft) and it’s the second longest watercourse bridge in Asian nation. it had been inaugurated in could 1982 by the then Prime Minister, Mrs national leader, inauguration occurred at north finish of the bridge situated in Hajipur viewed by thousands of individuals.

The bridge was approved by the Central Government in 1969 and engineered by Gammon Asian nation restricted over a amount of 10 years, from 1972 to 1982 with total expenditure of Rs eighty seven.22 large integer at that point. . it had been engineered to attach North state with the remainder of state and a part of national route nineteen (NH19).

Before this bridge was made, Rajendra Setu, opened in 1959, was the sole link to North state. Since then, the Vikramshila Setu has conjointly been engineered across the river. 2 additional rail-cum-road bridges ar presently underneath construction, between Digha and Sonepur and at Munger. The Indian communication department issued a commemorating token on Landmark Bridges Of India: nationalist leader Setu of denomination.

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